Wayne County

1884 History of Wayne County

Chapter 7

Miscellaneous Items of Interest --- Births, Deaths and Marriages --- Census of 1845 --- Literary Societies --- Old Store Accounts, Etc., Etc.

The first marriage license ever issued in the county was dated June 8, 1819, to William Clark and Peggy Carson.  Then came a long resting spell in this line, until September 6 Elkana Bramblett and Sally Lofton were authorized to marry.  On the 18th of same month, William Clark and Amelia Hamilton received license.  This was all the marrying done in the first year of Wayne County's existence.  There was no other wedding in the county until the 21st of July, 1820, when John Johnston and Hannah McCormick (widow) were married.  August 13, John P. Farley and Milly Ramsy were married, Esquire Anthony Street performing the ceremony.  On the 30th of July, 1820, Robert Penick and Elizabeth Clemmons were married by Owen Martin, Justice of the Peace; August 20, John Owen and Malinda Vaughn were married, and Joseph Martin and Elizabeth Bird on August 29.  On the 24th of the same month, David Monroe and Nancy Crews, John Moffitt and Sarah Campbell were married on the 7th of September, 1820, and Samuel McNeal and Polly Shepherd on the 17th; and Zachariah Hews and Sarah Bain on December 14.  This was all the marriages in the county in 1820.

The next year the business commenced by the marriage of Joel Ellidge and Mary Close on January 13.  On the 1st of February, Thomas C. Gaston and Sally Conner.  On the 19th of November, 1820, James Fitzgerald and Clara Slocumb; on the 14th day of January, 1821, Jeremiah Job and Rachael Campbell; on March 4, Nathan Harris and Nancy Stanley; on the 25th, Jonathan Hart and Cynthia Turney; on the 6th, James Clark and Sally Bradshaw; on the 15th of May, Charles Wood and Sarah Dubois (widow); June 19, James Cyrus Gaston and Peggy Clark; August 16, Owen Martin and Mary Crews; September 2, Samuel Close and Catharine Coonrod; September 8, David Ray and Jane Goode; September 27, Alexander C. Mackay and Polly Carson; November 8, Alexander Ramsey and Nancy Thrasher; November 28, James Bolen and Nancy Taylor; October, Joseph C. Reed and Mary Cox.  In the year 1822, the following marriage licenses were issued: January 10, Stephen Merritt and Elizabeth Harris; April 2, John Wyatt and Jane Reed; 3d. William Caldwell and Betsey Martin; 6th, Jonas Habday and Sally McCracken; May 10, Joseph Campbell and Elsy Campbell; 13th, Abraham Beach and Anna Price; June 1, Jacob M. Borah and Pamelia Fulkinson; July 29, Zachariah Simpson and Mary Gray; August 26, Joseph Martin and Sally Walker; November 5, Joseph White and Elenor Woods; December 14, Daniel P. Pennick and Coley Clement; December, James Taylor and Mary Kelly; January 4, 1823, John A. Grant and Abigail Seward; February 12, John Davidson and Sally Travis, and George Meritt and Elizabeth Files; February 26, Collins McDonald and Nellie Gallagher; March 3, Robert Fenton and Karah Whitney; June 3, George Borah and Ellen Bradshaw; 14th, David Martin and Elizabeth Walker, and William Taylor and Margaret Gray; 28th, Enoch Wilcox and Sebra Catt (widow); July 21, Abner Ellis and Franky Drew; September 15, Van Lofton and Milly McHaws; 18th Lewis Black and Sally Martin; October 9, Charles Gallagher and Sally R. Roberts; January, 1824, Richard Berks and Winna Williams; January 26, William McCormick and Nancy McCracken.

The Legislature, by act of February 10, 1821, created the "Courts of Probate" in the several counties.  Previous to this time, the Circuit Courts granted letters testamentary and of administration, and performed other duties of a probate nature.  In accordance with this law an election was held in Wayne County, and Samuel Leech was elected Probate Judge.  The first court convened at the house of Samuel Leech, in Fairfield, on the 2d day of July, 1821.  Samuel Leech was then Circuit and County Clerk and Probate Judge.

The first business in this court was the application to the Clerk, on the 10th day January, 1821, of Ann Slocumb for letters of administration upon the estate of Samuel Slocumb, deceased.  She gave bond in the sum of $300, with Rigdon B. Slocumb and Ephraham Meritt as sureties.  This was the total of the business of the first term of this court.

At the next term of the Probate Court, December 18, 1821, the only business transacted was the proof of the death of Joseph Martin, and the fact that his wife Betsey had relinquished her prior right to administer on the estate, whereupon Owen Martin, Henry Martin, and Joseph Martin came into court and applied for letters of administration, which was granted upon their entering into bond with James Baird, Alexander Jones, John Barnhill and Rigdon B. Slocumb, securities, in the penal sum of $11,000.  Thomas Bradshaw, John B. Gash and James Baird were appointed appraisers.  These two cases were all the business in the Probate Court until the term of June 17, 1822, when Sarah McWhirter, administratrix of the estate of Isaac McWhirter, proceeded to make settlement with claimants against said estate.

On the 18th of November, 1822, Hugh Stuart, John Livergood and Sally Warren came into court and applied for letters upon the estate of William Warren, which was granted upon their entering into bonds of $4,000, with Owen Martin, William B. Daws and Robert R. Gaston as sureties.

On the 26th of December, 1822, Ann Bradshaw was granted letters upon estate of her husband, Thomas Bradshaw.  Bond, $2,000.  Her securities were James Bradshaw, John B. Gosh and Archibald Roberts.  In February, 1823, Hugh Stewart and John Livergood returned inventory into court of the estate of William Warren, deceased.  The infant heirs of Joseph Martin, deceased, were Nathan Martin, Martha Martin and Elizabeth MartinThe oldest son Joseph being over fourteen years of age, selected Owen Martin as his guardian.  Sally and Mary Martin, two other heirs over fourteen years of age, selected Joseph Martin as their guardian.

November 29, 1863, Isaac Harris was granted administration of the estate of Stephen Vicars, deceased.

December, 1823, Mary Clark and Rennah Wills were granted letters on the estate of Joseph Clark, deceased.  Bond, 2,000, with David Wright and Cephas A. Parks, securities.

April 13, 1824, letters were granted upon the estate of Henry Hall, deceased, to Alfred Hall.  His securities were Andrew Kuykendall and John Barnhill.

On the 19th of April, 1824, the first will was probated, that of John Travis, with John Davidson and Thomas D. Travis, subscribing witnesses, also Peggy Travis, and Rebecca Travis, Allen Travis and James Stephenson were executors.

September 25, 1824, the last will and testament of James Dickerson was probated.  James Jaggers and David Thompson were subscribing witnesses.  Michael and Lewis Dickerson were executors, and they declining to act the court appointed Charles Pugsley.

On 23d of November, 1825, Sally Ellis was appointed administratrix of estate of John Ellis, deceased.

May 15, 1826, Susanna Wood and John Wood were appointed administrators of estate of Thomas G. Wood, deceased.  The next will filed was that of Mary Book, December, 1826, with Tyrey Robinson and Alexander Clark, subscribing witnesses.

The records of January, 1827, on records, note the fact that Sally Martin, late Sally Ellis, administratrix of estate of John Ellis, was no longer a widow.  Also that Sara McWhorter had married Daniel Williams.

On May 24th, 1827, George Walton was appointed administrator of estate of Thomas Walton, deceased.  The same year, Green Lee was appointed guardian of Nancy Ann and Elsey M. Clark, heirs of Joseph Clark.

On the 7th of January, 1828, appeared the following minutes on the probate record:  Joseph Martin, one of the administrators of Joseph Martin, deceased, having given notice required by law in the Illinois Corrector, a public newspaper, printed at Edwardsville, Ill., that he would attend the Probate Court in Fairfield, etc.

In April, 1828, Robert Jones reported to the court that he had made sale of the personal estate of his brother, James Jones, without letters of administration, for the sum of $300, etc.

In October, 1828, Richard Owen having departed this life, and his widow, Nancy, having relinquished her prior right of administration, letters were granted to Epaphrodytus C. Owen (and the Judge and Clerk, Leech, wrote the name in full and survived, without pension).

On the 3d day of January, 1829, proof was made of the death of Jacob M. Borah, and Panela and John Borah were granted letters of administration.

In April, 1829, letters were granted Eliza Block on the estate of Robert Block, deceased.

In July of the same year, Felix H. Barnhill was granted letters upon the estate of John Barnhill, deceased.

In November, 1829, similar letters were granted Polly Ann Holmes, widow, on the estate of Zephaniah Holmes, deceased.

In October, 1830, similar action in estate of Daniel J. Wilson, deceased; letters to George Wilson.  The next month, November, same action in case of Samuel Watkins, deceased; letters to George Close and Elijah Watkins.

In November, 1830, last will of John J. Davis probated.

In January, 1832, Charles Wood was appointed administrator of Otho Wood, deceased; and in March, same year, the last will of Micajah T. Walker was probated, and, same day, letters of administration on the estate of Jesse McCracken, deceased.  In August, same year, letters were granted on the estate of George Frazer, deceased, to William Frazer.  In November, same year, Andrew T. Stator died, and letters were granted to Peter Stator.

In February, 1833, the last will and testament of Thomas Cox was probated; Griffin T. Snodgrass and Henry Tyler were subscribing witnesses.  On the 14th of November, same year, the will of James [Lock?] was probated.

In February, 1834, proof of the death of William McVay was made, and letters granted Aquilla McCracken.

In September, 1834, George Phenix, an orphan fourteen years old, was apprenticed to Edward West, by the consent of Judge Leech and Thomas Sloan, his grandfather.  He was to remain until twenty-one years old, and then to have a new Bible and two suits of clothes.

In October, 1834, James Clark died; letters granted Naoma Clark and B. A. Clark; Elsberry Armstrong died in October, 1834; letters granted Abner M. Downer, with Joseph White, Hugh Stewart and James Denney as securities.  At same court, similar letters were granted Samuel Hooper upon the estate of Dempsey Hooper, deceased.  Tirey Robinson's last will and testament was probated in April, 1835.  Alfred Hall died in June, 1835, and letters were granted Jane Hall and Jeffrey Robinson, with R. B. Slocumb and Tyra Taylor as sureties.  September of the same year, letters were granted Joseph Wilson and Nancy J. McLin on the estate of David McLin, deceased.

In January, 1836, letters were granted upon the estate of Peter Kenshalo, deceased, to Daniel Kenshalo.  February 20, 1836, letters were granted on the estate of Benjamin A. Clark, deceased, to James N. Clark.  On 6th of June of the same year, similar action was taken in case of Nathaniel Chilson, deceased.

Judge Leech continued to act as Probate Judge, County Clerk, Circuit Clerk, and Recorder, as well as Colonel of the Wayne County Militia Regiment from the formation of the county until the early part of 1837.  He then resigned the office of Circuit Clerk, and here, as well as in nearly all his other official positions, he was succeeded by Judge Rigdon B. Slocumb.  At a court held in Fairfield, March, 1837, by Judge Harlan, the following is the opening entry upon the records:  "I, Justin Harlan, sole Judge of the Fourth Judicial Circuit, do hereby appoint Rigdon B. Slocumb Clerk of the Circuit Court in and for the county of Wayne, etc."

On the 26th of July, 1826, Samuel Leech and Rigdon B. Slocumb entered into a partnership for the purpose of vending goods in the town of Fairfield.  Their stock on hand invoiced $1,508.52-1/2.

Enoch Wilcox leased Hubbard's place, September 22, 1819.

Census of 1845 shows a total population of 6,497; of these, 1,090 reported as subject to military duty.  There were eight negroes, four males and four females.  The total amount of machinery or manufactories is reported seventeen horse mills, two distilleries, one carding machine, one cotton gin, five saw mills, seven tanneries, one steam mill for sawing and grinding, and four water grist mills.  Jesse Lord had a saw and grist mill; Horatio P. Porter had a tannery and bark mill; Charles Wood had a water saw and grist mill; Abraham Martin had a horse mill; Alexander Ramsey, Sr., and Jesse Fly had each a horse mill; James Martin had a bark mill; Newberry Cline had a water saw and grist mill; George Campbell, Sr., had a horse mill; Hampton Weed had a steam saw and grist mill; John Kimmel had a distillery; David Wright a horse mill; P. L. Funkhouser, a bark mill; Hiram Stats, a tannery; R. B. Slocumb, horse mill; H. H. Cook, tannery; James Harper, carding machine and cotton gin; John Skelton, horse mill; R. F. Jenkins, horse mill; Walter Burch, tannery; Enos Maulding, water saw and grist mill; Able Dewitt and Francis Hayney had each a stump mill.  These were probably the last of these kind of mills ever in use in the county.  Daniel Gregory, horse mill; William Halloway, horse mill; Moses Garrison, tannery; Wesley Staton, saw mill; Jonathan Whitston, horse mill; C. L. Carter, John Bovee, James Cooper and Benjamin Haws each had a horse mill; Lewis Myers, a distillery.

Literary Society.---As early as 1823, the leading citizens of the county met and organized a debating and literary society.  Articles were drawn and signed by John McMakin, A. W. Sorgenfry, J. T. Hefford, George and Richard Grant, A. C. McKay, Elihu Farley, John Carson, R. B. Slocumb, Jeffrey Robinson, Andrew Carson, Cephas A. Parks, George Turner, John Johnston, J. R. Taylor, Samuel Leech, Alexander Campbell, and John Barnhill.

C. A. Parks was appointed President; Samuel Leech, Secretary.

An excellent constitution was adopted, among other things providing that nothing said by any speaker should be considered his personal sentiments.

The first question, "Is there more pleasure in the pursuit of an object or actual possession?"  Discussed with great ability and learning for possession by John Barnhill, George Grant, George Turner, Elihu Farley, Joseph T. Hefford and Samuel Leech.  On the negative, Enoch Wilcox, John McMackin and Andrew Carson.  The records say:  "The President, after mature deliberation, gave the following decision:  That the most forcible argument was used in favor of possession."

The second question discussed was:  "Are ideas natural or acquired?"  This must have been an exciting debate, and it never seems to have been imagined by any of the learned disputants that, generally speaking, ideas are neither natural nor acquired, but to the most of men the Sheriff's return of non est inventus would apply, and, in fact, the improved returns of the Sheriff when he said, "in swampum, and none could not come at him," would not be much out of place.

The third question was unique in phraseology, as follows:  "Does a man possessed of extreme wealth, or one moving in a middling sphere in life, enjoy the most real happiness."  The next question was a stunner in the following:  "Which are the most happy, a married or single life?"  Then, "Which is the greatest benefit to society, a penitentiary or a gallows?"  It was warmly argued, and aroused a deep and thrilling interest.  These people were inclined to be luxurious and ease-loving.  The elderly members said there was more solid comfort in the rope, while the younger and more hopeful members thought the ball and chain the more durable of the two.

The society amended the constitution and provided a fine of 50 cents against any member who might be appointed to any duty and failed, and the record of nearly every meeting has entries against members for absence, etc., etc.

Weekly meetings continued until October, 1823, and then after a big discussion meetings were abandoned for two years, when, pursuant to a public notice by Sam Leech, Secretary, the society again met, and it was unanimously agreed that the Fairfield Debating Society be "organized and commence operations immediately."  The society resolved to take up where it had left off the great question, "Which are the most benefit to society, a penitentiary or a gallows?" and it was resolved to discuss this at the next meeting.  Of this meeting, we find the following entry on the record:  "Dr. C. A. Parks, A. C. Mackay, W. F. Turney, James B. Brown and F. C. Turner spoke in favor of the penitentiary, and Samuel Leech, R. B. Slocumb, Jeffrey Robinson, John Barnhill, George Turner and John Wood in favor of the gallows; and the President (Andrew Carson), "after due deliberation," decided that the most forcible argument was used in favor of the gallows, and, therefore, that the gallows is the most benefit to society, from which said decision Dr. C. A. Parks prayed an appeal, which was granted.  "It is, therefore, ordered that said question be again debated at the next regular meeting of the society."  The excitement continued to increase, and men and women took sides, and in the houses and upon the loafers' corner it was from morn till night gallows and penitentiary and penitentiary and gallows, and when the society met the disputants were "freighted to the water's edge" with the subject.  But again was the gallows triumphant, and only thus and thus, after nearly three years of discussion and hot contention was the great question permanently settled.  The society then turned to the more peaceful and quieting question of "Which are the most benefit to community, commerce or agriculture?"  This was decided in favor of agriculture.  Then they tackled the following:  "Which is and has been the most advantage to the United States, gunpowder or printing?"  In reference to this discussion, we find the following:  "The President, after mature deliberation, decided in favor of gunpowder as of more use to the United States than the press."

The society moved along in their weekly meetings, and, in 1827, the great question of the comparative benefits of the penitentiary or gallows was revived, and finally the old decision in favor of the gallows was reversed, and the penitentiary was decided to be the greater blessing of the two.

The Debating Club seems to have kept actively alive, and the people showed much interest in all its acts and doings.

On the 7th day of November, 1837, the town of Fairfield had a Library Room, and on that day a meeting was called, and the Fairfield Library Society was organized.  Joseph Wilson was appointed President, and T. A. Wood, Secretary.

A committee of three, Jacob H. Love, R. B. Slocumb and T. A. Wood were appointed to draft a constitution and by-laws for the society.  Their report was adopted, and Jeffrey Robinson was appointed Secretary.

At the first regular meeting, the record says William F. Turney "delivered an able and eloquent lecture on the subject of the Fairfield Literary Society."  The record then recites "the following subjects were assigned to the following members, to speak from in turn:  Daniel Turney, Agriculture; J. Robinson, Mathematics and Geography; J. H. Robinson, the Propriety of Correct Language in Speaking; T. A. Wood, the Utility of Common Schools and Education; C. J. Ridgeway, Commerce; N. N. Smith, History; William F. Turney, Anatomy; J. A. Robinson, G. T. Snodgrass and J. G. Stuart were named as lecturers, but their subjects are not given.  Then we find J. H. Robinson assigned to a lecture on the Inconsistency of Negro Slavery; and D. Turney, on Agriculture, a second time; T. A. Wood lectured on the Utility and Advantages of a Railroad from Mount Carmel, via Fairfield to St. Louis; N. N. Smith, history, second time; W. F. Turney, anatomy, second time; Joseph Wilson, on the Truths and Evidences of Christianity, continued; James A. Robinson, on the Inconsistency of Negro Slavery, continued; Leander Turney, Education.

We find pasted in the front part of the record book a letter dated "Lebanon, Ill., February 24, 1836," and addressed W. F. Turney and Thomas A. Wood, committee in behalf of the Fairfield Library Society.  The letter is signed by B. F. Kavanaugh.  The letter is written on foolscap paper, folded without envelope, and is sealed with an old-style red wafer, that we used to get in those round, wood boxes, that always had a wafer stuck on the top of the box.  The postage on this letter was 25 cents.  It seems to have been written by Mr. Kavanaugh, in response to an invitation to deliver an address before the literary society.  We give a paragraph from the letter that will go far to explain its purport:  "Then, sirs, permit me to congratulate you in the successful efforts which have been made by yourselves and those with whom you have the honor to be associated in the organization of a society which has for its objects the expansion and illumination of the immortal mind. *   *   *  *   *  Take for example Herskill, who was once a common soldier under the British banner, who, while standing sentinel at night, had the large powers of his giant mind wakened into action, while he gazed upon the heavens, and ere its labors were concluded, the science of astronomy was extended, and the learned were informed of the existence of a large worlds connected with the sun, of which ours is a member.  And while the great planet, which now bears his name, shall wheel in his course, in distant space around the sun, the name of 'Herskill' wil be carried down the tide of time, till the heavenly messenger announces that 'time shall be no more.'  And who shall say his praise shall cease with time?"

In a further examination of the records we find the Debating Society by resolution were admitted as spectators to the Literary Society.  A library had been established, and at the meeting of the literary society, January 23, 1836, a resolution was passed in which it was resolved that each member of the society "in order to promote the general diffusion of knowledge be requested to use his influence to obtain new members to the Fairfield Library."

The moral tinge that prevailed in those literary works is made evident by the following resolution, passed at a regular meeting of February 6, 1836.  "On motion agreed that this society will read Dr. Blair's lectures through at their subsequent meetings, each member to read a suitable number of pages at each meeting to take it in turn as they speak, and on motion agreed that Dr. William F. Turney read the first evening, which he proceeded to do.

>From an old file of the Wayne County Press we extract the following items in the account book of David Wright; the entries were made just fifty years ago.

This day book was commenced January 1, 1834.  The items given below are copied verbatim and are interesting as illustrating life in the early times in Wayne County.  The first item in the book is suggestive of the habits of the early settler.  Here it is:
Job Chapman, 1/2 gal. whiskey $      31-1/4


The next charge is of the same character but covers more historical ground:
Moses Renfro, By 10 lb. Deerskins $  1 00    
To 1-1/4 yds. bleached muslin @ 37-1/2.
To 2-1/2 yards calico @ 43-3/4.
To 2 lb. coffee        50
To 2 lb. shugar        33
To 2 gal. whisky     1 00   
                           

The next customer was certainly extravagant for those days:
Peter Staton, to 5 yards drab cloth $14 31-1/2


Those were the times before Ayers, Wakefield, Hostetter et al supplied almanacs, for evidence of which read this charge:
Nathan Attebury, to 1 Almanack        6 1/4


And then we have the following:
Henry Pickering, 1 box Lee's Pils 50     
William Clevenger, 8-1/2 lbs. honey 37-1/2
Presley Simpson, 1 quart whisky 25     
1 pint molasses    10     
Thomas Parmer, 1 casteel ack 8 00     
Caleb Wilmans, 1 cow and calf 9 00     
1 steer 2 years old 6 00     
Jacob Beard, 6 gunflints 6-1/2
William Robberts, 1 fir hat 4 75     
Asa Attepervy, 1 lb. pepper 43-3/4
C. A. Parks, 7 yards calico 2 62-1/3
paper pins 18-3/4
1 pair puff combs 25     
Pressley Simpson, 1 oven and lid 2 50     
Hugh Steward, 5 weeks board for James 4 00     
David Reed, 2 ounzes sowing thread 12-1/2
1 coon skin 12-1/2
2 rabit skins 8     
2 lb. feathers 50     
1 quart whiskey 18-3/4
George Tibs, by 9-1/4 lb. Deerskin 92-1/2
3 pair hams 1 12-1/4
4 lb. calf skin 50     
James Turner, 2 pair uppers 50     
William Irvin, 2-1/2 yards janes 50     
1 yard flax linen 18-3/4
William Goodman, 1 quart whiskey 18-3/4
1 spelling book 18-3/4
David Reed, 1-1/2 lb. cotton 80     
James Campbell, 1 tucking comb 50     
Richmond Hall, 2 gallons whiskey 1 00     
1 yard lase 12-1/2
8 fish hooks 12-1/2
1 yard riben 6-1/2
Caleb Wilmans, 1/2 dozen tea spoons 25     
Lowisa Butler, 1 yard lase 37-1/2
1 comb 31-1/2
Josiah C. Reed, 1 pair shoes 1 00     
John Cox, 16-3/4 lbs. butter, @ 6 cents.
William Clevenger, 1 lb. nales 12-1/2
1/4 lb. tea 50     
James Butler, 1 deer skin 75     
1/4 lb. alum 12     
John Attebury, 1/2 oz camfire 12-1/2
Andrew Hall, 6 needles 6-1/4
Harmon Horn, by 3 days work 2 25     
A. C. Wright, 4-1/2 lbs. coffee 1 00     


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